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The Hierarchical File System (HFS) was introduced in September 1985 by Apple Computers. The maximum volume size supported by HFS is 2 TB with a maximum file size of 2 GB. The maximum file name length is 255 characters, but the older Apple systems only used 31 characters.

Enjoy this next article in the Linux Kernel series. We will continue configuring the PCI features following the most important characteristic of computers - networking.

All computer systems can suffer from malware and viruses, including Linux. Thankfully, very few viruses exist for Linux, so users typically do not install antivirus software. It is still recommended that Linux users have antivirus software installed on Linux systems that are on a network or that have files being transfered to the device. Some users may argue that antivirus software uses up too much resources. Thankfully, low-footprint software exists for Linux. To better understand antivirus programs, it may be beneficial to understand malware itself.

Every Linux distribution is different in terms of how software is installed. Linux distributions use different installation file types, package managers, and commands for installation. Even within a single form of Linux, there are different types of package managers. This article will explain how to install software on Debian-type Linux system and how to use a few of the different Debian package managers and installers as well as some useful information about Debian files and repositories.

Beats Audio is essentially a technology that is supposed to give a more in-depth sound experience to users. By adding more speakers, subwoofers, and an amplifier Beats Electronics LLC tries to emulate studio quality audio. The extra speakers and subwoofers are arranged in a special way to help compensate for the shape of the laptop. From a software standpoint extra codecs and digital audio processing is used to improve the sound due to the lack of true surround sound speakers.

The B-Tree File System was created by Oracle in 2007. The file system was added to Linux Kernel 2.6.29 in 2009. The maximum number of files is 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 or 264 files. The maximum file length is 255 characters. The theoretical max file size limit is 16 EB, or 8EB because of a kernel limitation in Linux.

Most people will set up a VPN by purchasing a VPS and installing it that way. While that is easier in a few ways, its not very resourceful. If your host server (that houses the containers) uses little bandwidth (for example, before doing this VPS mine was using ~450 MB a month out of 600 GB), making the container a VPN server will save you money in the end so you don’t have to buy a server that you’ll barely ever touch.

In 1988, Amiga produced the Fast File System (FFS) for use on the AmigaOS version 1.3 in 1988. The FFS file system was an update to what was later termed "Old File System" (OFS), released in 1985. FFS was backward compatible with OFS. The file systems were both released for the Amiga systems which had hard disks or floppy disks. Originally, the AmigaOS was termed AmigaDOS or Workbench and FFS had a version number of v34. The Fast File System was first supported by Linux kernel 2.1.x.

In this part we’ll get it to connect to the network and make it so you can ping Linux.org. Then, the next part will be a cover of setting up OpenVPN so you can use your new container for a VPN tunnel (I spent a good week trying to get this to work, but it feels great now that it does!).

The Linux kernel is large with numerous features that can be configured and there are still many more features that can be configured.The next kernel feature that can be configured is a x86 random number generator (x86 architectural random number generator (ARCH_RANDOM)).

On Linux systems, numerous users often come across a program or process that locks up. The user will usually kill the software if the system does not do it first. Users may be familiar with some of the kill commands and signals, but does anyone understand all of them? There are four common kill commands and a total of 64 kill signals.

I have been using Bumblebee with Optimus on my HP Dv6t-7000 CTO laptop since February 2013. My laptop has a Nvidia GT 630M that I use primarily for gaming on Windows 7. My first thought when I got this laptop was of course "How am I going to get my Nvidia card to work on Linux?".

There are a lot of tools that comes with the LXC userspace. While it might seem daunting, you likely won’t be using most of these much (if at all), and some aren’t even for containers.

The last article we overviewed what LXC is and how its useful, and now we will be covering how to create your own containers as well as stopping, starting, and freezing them. There’s still a few tools of the trade after that but that will be covered in part 3.

The JFS file system is a 64-bit file system created by IBM and ported to Linux in 1999. A stable version was released in 2001. The first implementation was the Linux Kernel 2.4.18. JFS was originally released in 1990 with AIX version 3.1. It is sometimes referred to as JFS1.

The Reiser File System (Reiser3) was created by Namesys in 2001 and added to the Linux Kernel in version 2.4.1. Reiser3 was the first Journaling file system included in the Linux Kernel. Reiser4 was introduced in 2004 which was an improved Reiser3 file system.

Linux has many 3D graphic designs applications. One of the easiest to use is SweetHome3D. This is a Java-based program that is cross-platform. This means you can run it on any system that supports IcedTea/OpenJDK or Java Runtime (by Oracle). SweetHome3D is not a general auto-CAD application. Instead, it contains ready-made furniture and various items that are used to furnish and design a house.

Here, we are asked about “IBM Calgary IOMMU support (CALGARY_IOMMU)”. This option will enable support for IOMMUs that belong to the xSeries x366 and x460 by IBM. This will also allow 32-bit PCI that do not support DAC (Double Address Cycle) devices of such systems to run properly because this system setup will have issues accessing more than 3GB of RAM. If needed, these IOMMU devices can be turned off at boot time using the “iommu=off” parameter.

In the previous installment, we configured Suricata and successfully tested it via a simple rule that alerts on ICMP/ping packets being detected. In this part we will cover some aspects about rules. While this will mostly be a quick and dirty overview, it should help you on your way to making Suricata more fit for your network and your personal needs.

Many Linux users may find a program for Windows that lacks a Linux version or parody. As numerous Linux users believe, the program will not work on Linux. For the most part, they are wrong. There is a way to run a Windows program in Linux without using virtual machines. However, this trick does not work for some Windows applications, especially the newer programs.